“Everyone is becoming a forester”: From state monopoly to participatory forest management in Sao Hill Forest, Tanzania, c.1990–2015

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n2a4

Keywords:

Tanzania, Sao Hill Forest, World Bank, plantation forests, participatory forest management, community-based resource management, environmental history, forest history, Tanzanië, Wêreld Bank, bosbouplantasies, deelnemende bestuur van woude, gemeenskaps-bestuur van woude, omgewingsgeskiedenis, bosgeskiedenis

Abstract

In 2000, Sao Hill Forest, the biggest state-owned plantation in Tanzania, was forced to adopt “community forest management” – a paradigm usually adopted in protecting only natural forests. We hope to contribute to the scholarship on forest management by using this unusual case study – taken from plantation forests. Research on community or participatory forest management has focused on natural forests – but plantations offer different issues to consider. We argue that the state was compelled to adopt, but also adapt to the model of community management in order to fit a neoliberal donor context while, on a practical level, protecting it from local environmental hazards. To contextualise this historical case-study, we explain why Sao Hill stagnated and then examine the survival strategies adopted by the managers at the plantation. We then explore the relationship of the forest project with the surrounding communities, highlighting different local and vernacular responses to what came to be understood as “community forest management”. We use this case study to examine this idiographic application of community resource management, in order to demonstrate the real-world use of environmental history in informing current policy decisions.

 

 

In 2000 moes Sao Hill Forest, die grootste staatsplantasie in Tanzanië, noodgedwonge 'n stelsel van gemeenskapsbestuur aanvaar – 'n benadering wat gewoonlik slegs vir die beskerming van natuurlike woude gebruik word. Ons hoop om met behulp van hierdie ongewone gevallestudie van `n bosbouplantasie 'n bydrae te lewer tot die studie van die bestuur van woude. Navorsing oor gemeenskaps- of deelnemende bestuur van woude fokus hoofsaaklik op natuurlike woude. Bosbouplantasies het egter ander kwessies/uitdagings om te oorweeg. Ons argumenteer dat die staat verplig was om die model van gemeenskapsbestuur te aanvaar, maar ook aan te pas ten einde by 'n neoliberale skenkerskonteks te pas, terwyl hulle hul op 'n praktiese vlak terselfdertyd teen plaaslike omgewingsgevare moes beskerm. Ten einde hierdie historiese gevallestudie te kontekstualiseer, verduidelik ons waarom Sao Hill gestagneer het en ondersoek dan die oorlewingstrategieë wat deur die bestuurders op die plantasie geïmplementeer is. Vervolgens ondersoek ons die verhouding van die bosbouprojek met die omliggende gemeenskappe, en beklemtoon verskillende plaaslike en inheemse reaksies wat as `n stelsel van gemeenskapsbestuur bekend geword en verstaan is. Ons gebruik die gevallestudie om hierdie idiografiese toepassing van gemeenskapshulpbronbestuur te ondersoek en te illustreer hoe omgewingsgeskiedenis in die praktyk aangewend kan word om ingeligte beleidsbesluite vir die hede te neem.

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Published

2021-12-03

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Articles

How to Cite

“Everyone is becoming a forester”: From state monopoly to participatory forest management in Sao Hill Forest, Tanzania, c.1990–2015. (2021). Historia, 66(2). https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n2a4